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to be consistent with psychiatric tradition, the level of depression is a two week running average of the level of stress activation.

the following command resets stress burden with the change being the difference between the extent of activation and adaptation. one is added to the denominator to create a situation where a zero diathesis would result fully effective stress adaptation. there is a daily degree of adaptation to stress, inversly proportional to diathesis (and a proportionality constant for calibration purposes). stressactivation is the product of diathesis and stress. days into the simulation is recorded and counted up by one with each "tick." ask turtles the following commands result in the output of the simulation run being recorded in a data file. the following command initializes the stressactivation variable as the product of diathesis and stress. as this simulation uses only one turtle, the turtle is created in the set-up part of the program.

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CODE turtles-own Ĭlear-all reset-ticks the following command asisgns a value to the stress variable, owned by the patches. At very high levels of diathesis the symptom level will consistently exceed the thresholds (both for diagnosis and remission), as occurs in chronic depression. However, at higher levels of diathesis they do. When the diathesis is very low, and the threshold is fairly high, even the more extreme stressors do not exceed the threshold. This model simulates the experience of a person (agent, “turtle”) over a period of time that consists of 730 days (2 years). They consist of the amount of time following exceeding of a diagnostic threshold before the symptom level drops to a level indicative of remission. “Episodes” can the be easily identified from the output. This parameter can also be adjusted using a slider. The stringency of the remission definition refers to the extent of resolution of symptoms that is required in order to conclude that an episode has terminated. 50% of the threshold level if the parameter is set to 0.5. An episode is typically determined to have ended when there is a sustained period below some threshold that is lower than the diagnostic threshold, e.g. The user can also set a threshold value using another slider - which would be the point at which the past 2-week experience may be considered diagnostic of a depressive episode (similar to the 2-week approach in contemporary psychiatric diagnostic systems: DSM-IV and ICD-10). The actual level of depressive symptoms is calculated as a fourteen day running average.

This constant is called the “durationconstant” which can be set using a slider. There is an adaptation to the stressors - but the rate at which this occurs is inversely proportional to the diathesis (as quantified also by a proportionality constant (see manuscript, and description of model 1). Depression is calculated in a way consistent with a diathesis-stress conceptualization (illustrated by model 1, as described in the manuscript): depressive symptoms are conceived as an activation of stress responses, represented as a product of the stress level and the strength of diathesis owned by each turtle as it moves over each patch.

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The stress level variable characterizing each patch is assigned a value randomly in a lognormal pattern by taking the inverse logarithm of a normal distribution having mean zero and standard deviation set by the user - using the slider on the interface: stress_sd. The intention is to show that an interaction between a diathesis and a stressor can result, in the circumstances represented, in what appears to be an episodic pattern. This model depicts a single agent (turtle) moving over an environmental surface ( patches), each with an associated stress level. Initialize the model with the new settings before clicking “go.” When new settings are applied, the “setup” button should be clicked to Too fast or too slow, it can be slowed down or speeded up using the slider at the top of the interface. The simulation occurs over 730 days, as represented on the horizontal axis. Levels as they evolve over time, the threshold for diagnosis and that for remission. Here, stress is depicted using shading rather than "bars" as in model 1.

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Windows and Linux users may obtain the latest Java fromĬlicking the “setup” button will initialize the model and clicking the “go” button will run it.

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Mac users must have Mac OS X 10.4 or higher. Java must be enabled in your browser settings. This page was automatically generated by NetLogo 5.0.3.